ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Detection of the Presence of Aflatoxins Type (B1) in Three Types of Stored Grain: Maize, Wheat, and Rice in Silos of Baghdad, Iraq
Aflatoxins is one of the dangerous mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin B1, where it is one of the causes of cancer disease to humans and animals, also leads to a large perdition. The current study was conducted on the investigation of environmental conditions in the local stores and their impact on contamination of aflatoxin B1. Three models of economic crops: maize, wheat, and rice samples were collected from Baghdad and Wasit silos for six consecutive months. Sixty samples of the three grain crops were collected from the stores, (12) samples of cornand (24) samples each of wheat and rice, all samples with three replicates planted on the (PDA) medium. Then, Agricultural and ELISA tests were done. The results showed that the concentration of aflatoxin B1 by ELISA technique in corn crop was more affected by the pollution compared with other crops. The concentration of aflatoxin B1 in cornmeasured 46.2ppb, while rice crops scored less concentration of toxin reached to1.8 ppb.
https://eajbsh.journals.ekb.eg/article_16821_2d136eeca59ee19cdfed839aea806506.pdf
2015-12-01
1
7
10.21608/eajbsh.2015.16821
Aflatoxins mycotoxins
Stored Grain: Maize
Wheat
and Rice
Asmaa
Abdulmajeed
1
Biotechnology Research Center, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Adel
Talib
2
College of Sciences for Woman, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Hassan
Bedair
3
College of Sciences for Woman, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Gustation and Growth Performance of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus Fed Varying Levels of Dietary African Basil, Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Supplementation
The gustation and growth performance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fed African basil, Ocimum gratissimum leaf meal supplemented diets was assessed in the present study. C. gariepinus of the initial weight of 6.96 ± 0.01g was evaluated over a 56 days period. Five experimental diets were formulated at 0 mg/g (control), 10 mg/g, 20mg/g, 30 mg and 40 mg/g inclusion levels of O. gratissimum. The leaf of O. gratissimum was treated by soaking in water for 72 hours and sun-dried. All diets were isonitrogenous with each treatment having two replicates. Fish fed the 40 mg/g O. gratissimum leaf meal also recorded the best growth performance in body weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR). Statistically, there was significantly increased growth and nutritional performance of fish in this study with increasing inclusion levels of O. gratissimum (P<0.05). There was no adverse effect of O. gratissimum supplementation on the histometric index of fish in this study (P>0.05). There was also significant increase in the gustation of fish with increasing O. gratissimum supplementation (P<0.05). Therefore, the present study suggests that O. gratisimum leaf meal may be supplemented up to 40mg/g level to increase gustation and growth performance of C. gariepinus.
https://eajbsh.journals.ekb.eg/article_16822_df5e93b486d69e6e97be79c70288405d.pdf
2015-12-01
9
15
10.21608/eajbsh.2015.16822
African catfish
African basil leaf
Ocimum gratissimum
Growth performance
Gustation
Gbadamosi
K
ejayemi@gmail.com
1
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Salako
Funmi
2
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Series of Taxonomic Studies of Wild Plants in Saudi Arabia 3 – B- The Structure of the Surface of the Style for Certain Types of the Genus Solanum Developing in Saudi Arabia
The results of a study determining the exact composition of the surfaces of the style and trichomes by scanning electron microscopy of 12 samples of plants of the genus Solanum are: Solanum macrocantham ssp.1, Solanum macrocantham ssp. 2 ,Solanum nigrum ssp.1, Solanum nigrum ssp. 2 ,Solanum nigrum ssp. 3, Solanum nigrum ssp. 4, Solanum nigrum ssp. 5, Solanum schimperianum, Solanum sarratense, Solanum incanum, Solanum villosum and Solanum coagulans.
Differences in the composition of the surfaces of the style and the trichomes of the samples under study could be classified into three types of style and seven types of trichomes, which can be reliably used in the classification of genus, and these differences have been made into a key to classification based on the results obtained.
https://eajbsh.journals.ekb.eg/article_16823_8bee35479b59b1cf9ff67c449d710e26.pdf
2015-12-01
17
25
10.21608/eajbsh.2015.16823
Solanum
Style
trichomes
Saudi Arabia
Solanaceae
Talal
Dahan
talaled@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, University of Bisha, Bisha,Saudi Arabia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bioremediation of Hexavalent Chromium by Some Marine Algae
The discharge of chromium (VI) into aquatic ecosystems has become a matter of concern in all the tannery areas over the last few decades.In this study, biomass of Padina pavonia (Linnaeus) Gaillon, Sargassum hornschuchii C. Agardh, Cystoseira sp. C. Agardh, Ulva lactuca L. and Gelidium crinale (Turner) Gaillon were tested for bioremediation of chromium (VI). The results clarified that the amount of metal removed by algae from solution is obviously affected by biomass concentration and the metal removal increased with increasing the biomass of the tested algae. It is also observed that there is consistent increase in the chromium (VI) removal by all tested algae with time in approximately all used concentrations, especially from 4 to 8 hours. Meanwhile, the relative metal removal percentages decreased by increasing the initial metal concentrations and higher removal for metal was observed at lower concentrations. Accordingly, a bioremediation process based on algae biomass is sustainable keeping in account the cost effectiveness and associated environmental benefits.
https://eajbsh.journals.ekb.eg/article_16824_09464a635b457c4205b2d1e8074e84a8.pdf
2015-12-01
27
33
10.21608/eajbsh.2015.16824
bioremediation
Chromium
Marine algae
Khaled
El-Zabalawy
1
Environment and Bio-Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar Univrsity, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Eman
El-Kenany
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR