Assessment of Genetic Variations and Growth/Yield Performance of Some Egyptian and Yemeni Wheat Cultivars Under Saline Condition

Abdelsalam, Nader R.; Kandil, E. E.

doi:10.21608/eajbsh.2006.16819

Assessment of Genetic Variations and Growth/Yield Performance of Some Egyptian and Yemeni Wheat Cultivars Under Saline Condition

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Nader R. Abdelsalam ¹
E. E. Kandil ²

¹ Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University

² Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University

10.21608/eajbsh.2006.16819

Abstract

Three different experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University during two seasons 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 to appraisal the genetic variations, growth, yield and yield components between ten wheat (Triticuma estivum L.) cultivars from Egypt and Yemen [five Egyptian cultivars namely;Sakha93 (E1), Giza 168 (E2), Gemmeiza 9 (E3), Shakha94 (E4), Egypt1 (E5),and fiveYemeni cultivars namely; Behoth14 (Y1), Sonalica (Y2), Acsadgahran (Y3), Kaaalhakl (Y4) and Local wheat (Y5)]. Egyptian wheats grain was provided by Agronomy Department, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt while Yemeni wheats grain from Agricultural Researches Extinction authority (The Regional Agricultural Researches for Central Highland, Yemen).All the tested cultivars were evaluated experimentally under different salt conditions i.e. 50, 100 and 150 mMol NaCl in addition to control treatment the following aspects were detected i.e. seedling length (cm), root length (cm), leaves number/seedling, number of roots/seedling and chlorophyll content (mg/m²). At the same time, November 15^th, the wheat cultivars were planted in field in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in both seasons to measure plant height (cm), tillers number/plant, spike lets number/spike, grains number/spike, 1000- grain weight (g), grain yield kg/fed., straw yield kg/fed., biological yield kg/fed., harvest index (HI %) and grain protein %. After 50% of tasseling flowers Yemeni wheat cultivars were used as donor for pollen grains and hybridization was done in one way to calculate the heterosis (H%) for twenty-five hybrids. The obtained results showed high significant variations were observed between the tested cultivars and the highest mean values of heterosis were recorded and it can be suggested that the current wheat cultivars could be used in breeding program in the future.

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