The Effect of Adding Marine Algae and Jasmonic Acid on Growth Characteristics and Active Substance Yield of Clove Plant Dianthus Chinensis L.

The study was conducted in one of the greenhouses in the Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering at the College of Agriculture/Tikrit University. For the period between 5/1/2021 - 6/1/2022, Dianthus Chinensis L.  has been cultivated at the age of four leaves, and then the samples were separated and distributed on containers, and they were classified into three replicates, each replicate containing nine treatments with seaweed extracts with concentrations (0, 5, 10) ml. L-1 and extract of jasmonic acid in concentrations (0, 0.5, 1) ml. L-1, each treatment included four containers in the experimental unit. The study recorded significant differences in the effect of single and overlapping treatments, especially when treated with concentrations of 10 ml. L-1 of seaweed and 1.0 ml. L-1 of jasmonic acid in vegetative growth characteristics (plant height, number of leaves, moist and dry weight of the shoot, length and number of internodes, number of branches, leaf area, percentage of chlorophyll A, B and total), Which are attributed to the nutrients of macro- and trace elements present in the extracts that are important in stimulating growth. Significant differences were recorded with the effect of the treatments on the characteristics of floral growth (the days until buds emergence, length and width of the bud, the days until bud opening, flower diameter and the number of flowers, moist and dry weight of the flower, percentage of carotene), which is considered simple in comparison to the effect on vegetative characteristics, It may due to genetic traits that are slightly affected by stimuli and the environment. Also, there are other significant effects of the extracts on the percentage of volatile oil when treated with A1J0, which was 1.7%, in addition, there was a significant effect of the extracts on the chemical compounds, the concentrations of 10 ml. L-1 and 1 ml. L-1 of seaweed extract and jasmonic acid gave the presence of flavonoids (Quercetin, Apigenin, Rhamntin, Kaempferol), while the concentrations were 5 ml. L-1 and 10 ml. L-1 of seaweed extract with jasmonic acid, respectively, gave the presence of tannins (Gallic acid, Phloroglucino, Tannic acid, Gallotannin, and Pyrogallic acid). The histological study dealt with the variance effectiveness of the aforementioned extracts on the anatomical characteristics of the superficial view of the leaf epidermis (the transverse sections of the leaf blades, the middle vein, the variation in the dimensions of the stomata, the upper, and lower epidermis of the leaves, the variance in the qualitative, quantitative characteristics and the frequency of stomata in the leaves) the stomatal complex type is diacytic which was normal Dianthus characteristic.